Mesothelioma

Causes of mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is almost always linked to asbestos exposure. When tiny asbestos fibers are inhaled or swallowed, they can become trapped in the body and cause irritation over time, leading to cancer.

● Inhalation of asbestos fibers, especially in workplaces like construction, shipyards or insulation manufacturing

● Living with someone who works with asbestos, due to secondhand exposure from dust on clothing

● Environmental exposure in areas where asbestos occurs naturally

Risk factors for mesothelioma

Certain people are more likely to develop mesothelioma based on their work or environment. /p>

• Occupational exposure to asbestos (construction workers, plumbers, electricians and mechanics)
• Military service, especially Navy veterans, due to asbestos use on ships
• Living with someone exposed to asbestos (household contact)
• Older age – symptoms often appear later in life, typically after age 60
• Male gender – men are more frequently affected, likely due to occupational exposure

Symptoms of mesothelioma

Mesothelioma symptoms can be vague at first and often resemble other conditions. They depend on where the cancer is located.

Common signs of pleural mesothelioma (lung lining):

• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or tightness
• Persistent cough
• Fatigue or weakness
• Unexplained weight loss
• Swelling or lumps under the skin on the chest

For peritoneal mesothelioma (abdominal lining):

• Abdominal pain or swelling
• Nausea
• Changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosing mesothelioma

Diagnosing mesothelioma usually requires imaging tests and a biopsy. Because it's rare and symptoms mimic other conditions, it often takes time to confirm.

• Chest X-ray or CT scan to look for fluid or tumors
• PET scan to detect cancer activity
• Blood tests for tumor markers (e.g., mesothelin)
• Biopsy (tissue sample) taken from the affected area for lab testing
• Thoracoscopy or laparoscopy (minimally invasive procedures to view the chest or abdomen)

Treatment of mesothelioma

Treatment options depend on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. A team of specialists often works together to create a personalized care plan.

• Surgery to remove tumors (if detected early)
• Chemotherapy to shrink or slow the spread of cancer
• Radiation therapy for symptom relief or tumor control
• Immunotherapy to help the immune system target cancer cells
• Palliative care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life