Elbow Instability

Causes of elbow instability

It may result from trauma, such as a fall or elbow dislocation, or from repetitive stress in activities like throwing. Damage to the ligaments that normally stabilize the elbow allows excessive joint movement.

Risk factors for elbow instability

• History of elbow dislocation or trauma
• Participation in overhead or throwing sports
• Ligament laxity or hypermobility
• Repetitive stress from work or athletics
• Previous elbow surgery or instability episodes

Symptoms of elbow instability

• Sensation of the elbow “giving out” or shifting
• Pain during movement, especially throwing or pushing
• Catching, locking, or clicking in the joint
• Weakness or loss of strength
• Swelling or tenderness around the elbow

Diagnosing elbow instability

A diagnosis is made through a physical exam that checks for joint movement and stability. Imaging tests like X-rays, MRI, or CT scans may be used to assess ligament integrity or bone alignment.

Treatment of elbow instability

Treatment often starts with rest, bracing, and physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles. Surgery may be considered for patients with recurrent instability or torn ligaments that do not respond to conservative care.