What is a bone density test (DEXA scan)
A bone density test, also called a DEXA scan, measures how strong your bones are. It uses a small amount of X-ray to check for signs of bone loss, also known as osteoporosis. The test is quick, painless and helps your doctor see if you’re at risk for broken bones.
Who is a candidate for a bone density test?
You may need a bone density test if:
- You are a woman age 65 or older
- You are a man age 70 or older
- You have broken a bone after age 50
- You have risk factors for bone loss like early menopause, long-term steroid use or low body weight
- You have a family history of osteoporosis
- You have health problems like rheumatoid arthritis or thyroid disease
Younger people may also get this test if they have risk factors.
What to expect during a bone density test?
The test is easy and takes about 10–20 minutes.
- You’ll lie on a flat table while a machine scans your lower spine and hips
- You don’t need to change clothes unless you’re wearing something with metal
- You’ll need to stay very still, but the test doesn’t hurt
- There are no needles or shots, and no need to drink or eat anything special beforehand
It’s usually done in a doctor’s office, clinic or imaging center.
What are the risks for a bone density test?
A DEXA scan is very safe.
- It uses only a small amount of radiation—much less than a regular X-ray
- It’s not recommended during pregnancy
- There are no side effects or discomfort for most people
Your doctor will make sure the test is right for you based on your health and risk factors.
What does recovery from a bone density test entail?
There’s no recovery time needed after a DEXA scan.
- You can go back to your regular day right away.
- Your doctor will review your results, which include a score showing how strong your bones are.
- Based on your score, they may suggest changes to your diet, exercise or medication to help keep your bones healthy.
The test can help you and your doctor plan how to protect your bones as you age.